Encephalopathies

Hypertensive Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy refers to a disease or disorder that can affect your brain. It happens when changes happen to how your brain or body works. It manifests as confusion, sleepiness, muscle cramps, poor memory, inability to concentrate, personality changes, …etc. Encephalopathies have many types and causes including high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, toxins, hypoxia, diabetes, and trauma.
Encephalopathy is not a single disease by itself, rather it's a group of disorders with several underlying causes.
Symptoms

High blood pressure

  • More than 180/120

common

Confusion

common

Lack of concentration

or Poor memory

common

Headache

  • Insidious

  • Frontal region

  • Severe

  • Chronic or persistent pain

common

Feel like vomiting

or Throwing up

common

Transient visual loss

common

A sudden and temporary alteration of muscle tone, movements or behavior

  • Lasting 15 minutes or more, Lasting less than 15 minutes

  • More than a single episode in a 24 hours, Single episode in 24 hours

  • Focal, Generalized

Risk factors

High blood pressure disease

Kidney failure or on dialysis

or History of renal transplant

Drug or substance abuse

Eclampsia

or High blood pressure during pregnancy

Treatment
Treatment of an encephalopathic patient is done by firstly identifying the underlying cause of encephalopathies and addressing it. This might include stopping some of your drugs or adding new drugs, changes in lifestyle and diet, and dialysis if the underlying cause is kidney disease.
Recommended specialist

If you have Encephalopathies, then visit a general internist as soon as possible.

Contact a

General internist

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